The solution presented by @Andrew Vickers above works as expected. However, I took this one step further to enforce a fixed 2 digit format
index=0
while [ ${index} -lt 4 ]; do
if [ ${#parts[${index}]} -lt 2 ]; then
parts[${index}]="0${parts[${index}]}"
fi
((index++))
done
The conditional check could be incorporated into his answer, but his loop would need to be adjusted to format all variables.